MSR.CD.2 Students will understand that randomness should be incorporated into a sampling or experimental procedure. a. Students will be able to implement a reasonable random method for selecting a sample or for assigning treatments in an experiment. i. Implement a simple random sample. ii. Randomly assign treatments to experimental subjects or objects.

MSR.CD.3 Students will distinguish between the three types of study designs for collecting data (sample survey, experiment, and observational study) and will know the scope of the interpretation for each design type. i. Determine the type of study design appropriate for answering a statistical question. ii. Determine the appropriate scope of inference for the study design used.

MSR.CD.4 Students will distinguish between the role of randomness and the role of sample size with respect to using a statistic from a sample to estimate a population parameter. a. Students will be able to distinguish the roles of randomization and sample size with designing studies. i. Recognize that randomization reduces bias where bias occurs when certain outcomes are systematically more likely to appear. ii. Recognize that random selection from a population plays a different role than random assignment in an experiment. iii. Recognize that sample size impacts the precision with which estimates of the population parameters can be made (larger the sample size the more precision).

Terms/Symbols: population distribution, sample data distribution, sampling distribution, sampling proportion, sample statistic, population parameter, randomness, simple random sample, treatments, sample survey, experiment, observational study, inference, bias, modal category, bivariate data, significant differences, margin of error, p-value.